Timelines tagged “medicine”
10 timelines
- Antibiotics
Antibacterial medicine from honey dressings in an Egyptian papyrus of about 1600 BCE through Salvarsan, penicillin and the mid-20th-century golden age of discovery to drug resistance, global targets and new antibiotics in 2025.
- Cancer Treatment
How cancer has been treated, from an Egyptian surgical papyrus of about 1600 BCE through radical surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hormone therapy to targeted drugs and cell-based immunotherapy approved in 2024.
- COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic from the Wuhan outbreak in 2019 to the 2025 pandemic agreement: global spread, social disruption, vaccines, variants, treatment, and the transition beyond the international emergency.
- Malaria
The history of malaria from Greek accounts of periodic fevers around 400 BCE through quinine, the discovery of the parasite and its mosquito vector, DDT-era eradication campaigns and artemisinin to the first vaccines in 2021 and 2023 and milestones through 2025.
- Medical Imaging
Imaging the inside of the body, from Röntgen's discovery of X-rays in 1895 through ultrasound, nuclear medicine, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography to an 11.7-tesla human brain scanner in 2024.
- Medicine
Medicine worldwide from Egyptian medical papyri of about 1600 BCE through Greek, Indian, Chinese and Islamic traditions, anatomy, germ theory and clinical trials to evidence-based medicine and the first approved gene-editing therapy in 2023.
- Organ Transplantation
Transplantation from Reverdin's skin grafts of 1869 and the first successful full-thickness cornea graft in 1905 through the first lasting kidney transplant (1954), the first human-to-human heart transplant (1967), anti-rejection drugs and face transplants to pig kidney trials in 2025.
- Psychology
Psychology as a science and profession, from Aristotle's treatise on the soul in the 4th century BCE through Wundt's Leipzig laboratory, behaviorism, the cognitive revolution and the DSM to the replication crisis of 2011 – 2026.
- Surgery
Surgery from Neolithic trepanation and the Sushruta Samhita through anesthesia, antisepsis, blood transfusion and open-heart operations to laparoscopic and robotic surgery, about 5000 BCE to 2025.
- Vaccines
Vaccines and their forerunner variolation, from smallpox inoculation in 16th-century China through Jenner, Pasteur, the polio campaigns and the eradication of smallpox in 1980 to mRNA and RSV vaccines in 2020 – 2023.