Category
Engineering & Technology
From the wheel to artificial intelligence: the inventions, machines, computers and software that shaped our world.
14 timelines
- Artificial Intelligence
From the Foundations of Neural Networks to Modern Breakthroughs: A Journey Through the History of Artificial Intelligence.
- Compilers
Compilers from Grace Hopper’s A-0 system in 1952 to LLVM’s modern Fortran toolchain in 2025: parsing, optimization, portability, runtime compilation, formal verification, and reusable infrastructure.
- Computer Science
Explore the milestones and innovations that shaped Computer Science and transformed the modern world
- Distributed Systems
Distributed systems from self-stabilization in 1974 to FoundationDB’s published design in 2021: causality, consensus, failure limits, replicated data, large-scale storage, and cluster orchestration.
- Git
Git from its creation for Linux development in 2005 to reftable storage in 2024: distributed workflows, hosting, large repositories, command design, and changes to its storage model.
- Integrated Development Environments
Programming environments from interactive time-sharing in 1964 to agent-assisted editors in 2025: live debugging, visual design, refactoring, language services, and remote workspaces.
- JavaScript
JavaScript from Netscape’s browser scripting language in 1995 to modern ECMAScript in 2025: standardization, browser engines, asynchronous programming, server runtimes, and application tooling.
- Linux
Linux from Linus Torvalds’s kernel in 1991 to mainline real-time support in 2024: free licensing, distributions, desktops, virtualization, containers, mobile devices, and kernel interfaces.
- Microsoft
- Python
Python from Guido van Rossum’s first implementation in 1989 to Python 3.15 in 2026: language design, scientific computing, packaging, governance, and changes to the interpreter.
- Relational Databases
Relational databases from Edgar F. Codd’s 1970 paper on the relational model to DuckDB 1.0 in 2024: query languages, optimization, transactions, open-source systems, and distributed and analytical designs.
- Rust
Rust from Graydon Hoare’s early work in 2006 to the Rust 2024 edition released in 2025: ownership, stable releases, package tooling, browser engines, governance, and operating systems.
- Software and Programming Languages
From the dawn of computing to the modern era: tracing the evolution of software and programming languages and their impact on society, business, and technology.
- Unix
Unix from the Bell Labs system of 1969 to the 2024 portability standard: C, pipes, Berkeley networking, commercial branches, free descendants, and the meaning of UNIX certification.